Disease name: Stomach/ gastric cancer ICD 10 code: C16.9 Non- communicable disease Caused by:Unknown. But it leads to mutated genes in the stomach cell. Risk increased by:
Symptoms:
Treatment: Surgery to remove the tumor/stomach, chemotherapy, radiotherapy is also used. Really depends on the grade and stage of the cancer. Prevention: Don’t smoke, don’t do anything that increases your risk of getting stomach cancer. What is Gastric cancer?It is when cancer cells form in the mucosal layer of the stomach which then will spread to other parts of the stomach and the body. It would usually move on from the mucosal layer which is the innermost layer and move on to the middle layer which is the muscularis layer then to the outermost layer which is the serosal layer. Symptoms include: Indigestion, heartburn (GERD),pain the the stomach or collarbone, feeling full even when you barely ate anything, feeling sick,unexpected weight loss and having vomit with blood. How does it develop? (risk factors)Gastric cancer develops when there is a mutation in the DNA of your stomach cell.This mutation can cause the cells to proliferate uncontrollably thus creating a tumor. The risk factors include: being a male, smoking,getting a infection caused by Helicobacter Pylori,having a diet high of salted,pickled food and red/processed meat and having a diet low in fibre. Are there any specific genes related to this cancer?Gastric cancer is a rare inherited genetic condition that could be passed on from generations and generations. The CDH1 gene is often associated with gastric cancer as a mutation in the CDH1 gene increases one’s risk of developing gastric cancer.The CTNNA1 is also thought to be connected to gastric cancer but it is not certain as more research has to be done to confirm that. How is it diagnosed?Blood test to look for anemia Fecal occult test to look for blood in stool Biopsy via upper endoscopy Ultrasound MRI CT PET GradesGrade 1:Mostly Looks like normal cells Grade 2:Somewhat resembles a normal cell Grade 3: Resembles nothing like a normal cell and looks abnormal StagesStage 0:Very early stage of stomach cancer. Rarely caught this early. Still in the innermost lining of the stomach (mucosal layer). Stage 1A:Contained in the lining of the stomach. There is no cancer cells in the lymph node or anywhere else. Stage 1B:Cancer spread to the nearby 1-2 lymph nodes.The cancer is still within the lining of the stomach.Or the cancer spreads to the stomach muscle but the lymph node remain untouched. Stage 2A:When the cancer cells is in the muscle of the stomach and is in 1-2 lymph nodes/when the cancer cells is contained in the lining of the stomach but is in 3-6 lymph nodes. Stage 2B:When the cancer cells is contained in the lining of the stomach but is in 7 or more lymph nodes/When the cancer is in the muscle of the stomach and is in 3-6 lymph nodes Stage 3A: When the cancer cells is in your stomach and is in 7 or more lymph nodes/When the cancer tumor has gotten to the outer lining of the stomach and 3-6 lymph nodes contain cancer/when the cancer tumor has gotten through the stomach wall and 1-2 lymph nodes contains cancer cells. Stage 3B:The cancer tumor has gotten to the outer lining of your stomach and is in 7 or more lymph nodes/ the cancer tumor has grown outside the stomach wall and is in 3-6 lymph nodes/the cancer tumor has gotten beyond the stomach into other nearby organs and tissues and is in 0-2 lymph nodes Stage 3C:The cancer has gone through the stomach walls and 7 or more lymph nodes contain cancer/the cancer tumor has gotten beyond the stomach in to the nearby organs and tissues and is in 3-7 lymph nodes. Stage 4: The cancer has gotten way beyond the stomach and created secondary gastric cancer in other organs such as in the lungs and brain. Survival rateStage 1:More than 80% of people with stage 1A will live over 5 years after they are diagnosed while more than 70% people with Stage 1B will over 5 years after they are diagnosed Stage 2:More than 60% of people with stage 2A will live over 5 years after they are diagnosed while more than 40% of people with stage 2B will liver over 5 years after they are diagnosed Stage 3:More than 25% of people with stage 3A cancer will live over 5 years after they are diagnosed,20% for people with stage 3B cancer and 10% for people with stage 3C will live over 5 years after they are diagnosed Stage 4:More than 5% of people with stage 4 cancer will live for over 5 years after they are diagnosed. Usual PrognosisThe prognosis depends on the number of regional lymph nodes that show the sign of cancer and on the stage and the grade of the cancer but the overall prognosis is 50% chance of surviving over 5 years. For more specific survival rate and prognosis look above. Treatment offeredBiological therapy (eg,tablet/IV/injection) to change how the cell grows and helps the body control the cancer Surgery to remove a part or all of your stomach Removing the lining of your stomach (endoscopic mucosal resection) Surgery to relieve the symptoms of stomach cancer (eg.stomach blockage) Radiotherapy Laser therapy (burns away the cancer cell) Chemotherapy Mechanism of endoscopic mucosal resectionEndoscopic mucosal resection works by inserting a endoscope (a long flexible tube) with a light and small camera attached to it on the end. Through the camera the surgeon looks at the internal structure of the stomach and passes specific surgical instruments through the endoscope to remove the lining of the stomach.
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DISCLAIMERThis is for informational purposes only. Please do not substitute this for actual professional medical advice. If you have any reason to believe that you are sick, go seek medical advice. Archives
May 2019
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